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How a solver cracks mental rotation puzzles

Mental Rotation asks which figures are the target turned, and which are its mirror image. A solver does not picture anything: it uses a fact about shapes.

The method

  1. List the 24 ways to turn a cube. Turning a solid object in space has exactly 24 distinct orientations. A mirror image is not among them.
  2. Turn the target through all 24. For each, slide the shape to a standard corner and write down its cube positions in order, so two shapes that coincide give the same list.
  3. Compare. An option is "the same object" only if its list matches one of the 24. If none match, it is a mirror image: it has the same arm lengths and the same angles, but no turn will ever bring it onto the target.

What a person can borrow

Handedness never changes under rotation. Follow the longest arm, then ask which way the next arm bends off it; that one feature separates a turned figure from a mirrored one.

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